肝硬化

迹象 & 症状

Many people with cirrhosis do not experience any 症状 in the early stages of the disease. 然而, 因为疤痕组织取代了健康细胞, 肝功能可能开始衰竭, 导致以下症状.

早期症状包括：

• Development of spider-like red spots on the chest, face or arms
• 乏力
• 食欲不振
• 恶心想吐
• 弱点
• 减肥

晚期肝硬化的症状包括：

• 难以集中注意力
• 受损的睡眠
• 可怜的记忆
• 腹部和/或腿部积液
• 皮肤和眼睛呈黄色（黄疸）
• 尿色深
• 虚弱和肌肉减少
• 消化道出血
• 严重时昏迷

诊断

肝硬化可以根据你的症状来诊断, 病史, 体格检查和化验结果. Tests to confirm a diagnosis of cirrhosis include a complete blood count (CBC), 肝酶, liver function and electrolyte testing as well as screening for other health conditions such as hepatitis B and C viruses, 肝癌或胆结石.

In most cases, a liver biopsy is used to confirm the diagnosis. 在活检过程中, the doctor uses a needle to take a small sample of tissue from your liver so that it can be examined for scarring or other signs of disease.

Imaging tests may also be recommended to obtain a closer look at your liver. 其中包括计算机断层扫描（CT）, ultrasound or a scan of the liver using a radioisotope — a harmless radioactive substance that highlights the liver. 十大赌博平台排行榜也可能用腹腔镜检查你的肝脏, an instrument that is inserted through the abdomen that relays images onto a computer screen.

治疗

Treatment of cirrhosis focuses on stopping or delaying the damage to your liver and preventing complications, 比如肝功能衰竭. When the cause of the condition is known, therapy will aim to specifically manage that illness. 例如, 如果病人得了肝炎, the doctor may administer steroids or antiviral 药物 for treatment.

不管肝硬化的原因是什么, 每个病人都必须避免使用所有物质, habits and 药物 that may further damage the liver or cause complications or liver failure. Alcohol, in addition to causing cirrhosis, may accelerate the progression of liver scarring. 所有肝病患者都不应饮酒. Medications also may be given to control the 症状 of cirrhosis.

If complications progress to the point of possible liver failure, 可能建议肝移植. Our team of digestive disorder experts work closely with liver transplant specialists at UCSF Medical Center, 谁能提供优质的护理. Liver failure may occur at the end stage of liver disease when the liver stops working and cannot support life. 肝功能衰竭很难治疗，生存期有限. 然而, the good news is that many people with cirrhosis have undergone successful liver transplants. Also, many patients live long and healthy lives with other means of therapy.