视网膜炎 色点
Overview
视网膜炎 pigmentosa (RP) is a part of a group of inherited eye disorders that affect the retina. The retina is a thin layer of tissue containing millions of light-sensitive nerves that lines the back of the eye. 光线聚焦在视网膜上, where they are transmitted to the brain and then become the images that you see. In RP, the retinal cells gradually stop working and eventually die. 在大多数情况下, 这种情况首先影响周围的杆状细胞, 它们能让你在晚上看到东西, 然后影响到中央锥体细胞, 负责精细细节和色觉.
RP causes permanent vision loss, which usually happens very slowly, over the course of years. 有些RP患者会失明, but most people with the condition retain some level of useful vision. 如果你有RP, there is a 50 to 60 percent chance that someone in your family also has the condition.
我们治疗视网膜色素变性的方法
UCSF's ophthalmologists provide comprehensive evaluations and care for all types of eye conditions, 从最普通的到罕见的和复杂的. 我们是遗传性眼病的专家，如RP.
虽然目前还没有治疗方法, 加州大学旧金山分校和其他地方的研究人员正在努力开发它们. Interested patients may be able to receive experimental treatments by joining a clinical trial. One large study found that vitamin A may have a small benefit for some RP patients, 我们也提供维生素治疗建议. We also treat other eye issues sometimes caused by RP, such as cataracts and swelling in the retinas. 低视力艾滋病, mobility training and other supportive care can help patients with performing everyday tasks.
Signs & symptoms
RP的症状通常在10到30岁之间出现, 尽管有些人在儿童时期会出现症状. Symptoms vary depending on what part of the retina is affected. RP is a progressive disease, but the rate at which vision deteriorates varies for each person. Eventually, most people with the disease have a very restricted field of vision.
一般来说，人的视杆细胞首先受到RP的影响. Rod cells help with peripheral (side) vision and seeing in dim light or dark places. 第一个症状通常是“夜盲症”,在昏暗的光线下很难看清, 比如在黑暗的房间或黄昏的户外. 健康的眼睛自然地适应黑暗的光线, but eyes affected with RP take much longer to do this or don't do it all. Some people are also bothered by the glare from sunlight or bright lights.
Trouble with your peripheral vision is also a common early symptom of RP. Peripheral vision is what you see on the sides, rather than straight ahead of you.
有些人, 中央锥体细胞首先受到影响, and the disease is called cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) instead of RP. 中央锥体细胞帮助中央视觉, 对于阅读这样的细枝末节的任务，哪一个是需要的, writing, driving, 辨别颜色和看清其他细节.
Diagnosis
一系列的检查可用于确认RP的诊断. 这些包括:
- 验光检查. 在验光时, 十大赌博平台排行榜给你开了特殊的眼药水来扩大瞳孔, allowing your ophthalmologist to clearly see the retina at the back of your eye. The drops make you temporarily sensitive to light and cause your vision to be blurry.
- 视网膜的照片. A special camera may be used to take photographs of your retina, 帮助你追踪RP的进展. This may include pictures of the retinal thickness with a camera called an OCT (optical coherence tomography) that uses dim red light.
- 荧光素血管造影. 这个测试叫做 荧光素血管造影 may also be recommended to obtain more detailed images of your retina.
- 视野测验. A 视野测验 is used to determine whether your peripheral vision has been affected.
- Electro-diagnostic测试. 电诊断试验，如 网膜电图(ERG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) may be recommended to investigate how your retina is working. The electrical activity of your retina is measured under different lighting conditions to determine which part of your retina is not functioning normally. Most of these tests require your eyes to be dilated (as above) and often use a hard contact lens in each eye to measure the eye's responses to different kinds of light.
治疗
此时此刻, there is no cure or treatment available to slow vision loss in RP or associated retinal disorders. However, RP有时会引起其他可以治疗的眼部问题, 比如白内障或视网膜肿胀. Research is being conducted at UCSF and around the world with the aim of developing effective treatments for the disease. 基因治疗, stem cell therapy and growth factors are being scientifically tested as potential treatments for RP.
此外，在美国完成了一项大型临床试验.S. in 1993 showed that vitamin A has a small positive effect on visual function, 维生素E有负面作用. The 抗盲基金会 and the National Eye Institute recommended that some adults with RP should take a daily 15,000 international units of vitamin A palmitate supplement and avoid high dose vitamin E to help prolong their vision. 你的眼科十大赌博平台排行榜会和你讨论维生素治疗.
在家中和工作中的视觉辅助和适应, and training from social services and visual rehabilitation specialists can help those with RP. It may also be important to visit a genetic counselor who can discuss disease inheritance and help with family planning, career choices and other issues related to living with the condition.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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